Car
**Historical Development:**
– The first steam-powered vehicle was designed by Ferdinand Verbiest in 1672.
– Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot built the first full-scale self-propelled mechanical vehicle in 1769.
– Richard Trevithick demonstrated the Puffing Devil road locomotive in 1801.
– Nicéphore Niépce and François Isaac de Rivaz developed early internal combustion engines in 1807.
– Various steam-powered road vehicles were used in the 19th century.
– Samuel Brown, Samuel Morey, and Etienne Lenoir built vehicles with internal combustion engines.
– French inventor Gustave Trouvé demonstrated an electric car in November 1881.
– German engineers Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach, and Siegfried Marcus were also working on cars around 1886.
– Carl Benz patented the Benz Patent-Motorwagen in 1886, considered the birth of the modern car.
– Benz’s first Motorwagen was built in Mannheim, Germany in 1885.
– Emile Roger of France added the Benz car to his product line under license.
– Bertha Benz undertook the first road trip by car in August 1888.
– Benz designed and patented the first internal-combustion flat engine in 1896.
– Czech company Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau produced one of the first factory-made cars in the world in 1897.
– Daimler and Maybach founded Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft in 1890.
– Daimler sold their first car under the brand name Daimler in 1892.
– Maybach designed the Daimler-Mercedes engine in 1900.
– A new model named Mercedes was produced in 1902.
– Émile Levassor and Armand Peugeot of France began producing vehicles with Daimler engines in 1890.
– The Duryea brothers built and road-tested the first petrol-driven American car in 1893.
– George Selden patented a two-stroke car engine in the US in 1895.
– Selden’s patent was challenged by Henry Ford and overturned in 1911.
– The first American car with a petrol internal combustion engine was designed by Selden in 1877.
– The Duryea Motor Wagon, the first running American car, was road-tested in 1893.
**Industry Evolution:**
– Toyota Corolla, in production since 1966, is the world’s best-selling car.
– Japan is the third-largest automobile manufacturer globally.
– The Model T, manufactured by Ford in 1908, was one of the first affordable cars.
– Demand for automobiles in Europe and other parts of the world increased after World War II.
– There are around one billion cars in use worldwide.
– Daimler sold their first car under the brand name Daimler in 1892.
– Maybach designed the Daimler-Mercedes engine in 1900.
– A new model named Mercedes was produced in 1902.
– Émile Levassor and Armand Peugeot of France began producing vehicles with Daimler engines in 1890.
– The Duryea brothers built and road-tested the first petrol-driven American car in 1893.
– Studebaker started building cars in 1897 and sold electric vehicles in 1902.
– Studebaker began building petrol vehicles in 1904.
**Technological Advancements:**
– Cars have controls for driving, parking, and passenger comfort.
– Additional features like rear-reversing cameras and navigation systems have been added over the years.
– Most cars in use are powered by internal combustion engines.
– Electric cars became commercially available in the 2000s.
– The transition to electric cars is a key aspect of climate change mitigation.
**Economic and Social Impact:**
– Costs to individuals include acquiring the vehicle, maintenance, fuel, and insurance.
– Costs to society include road maintenance, pollution, and traffic collisions.
– Personal benefits include mobility and convenience.
– Societal benefits include economic growth and revenue generation.
– Car usage is increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries like China and India.
**Legal Battles and Challenges:**
– Several attempts were made in Britain to build steam cars.
– The first petrol-driven American car was road-tested in 1893.
– The automotive industry in France was founded by Levassor and Peugeot.
– Auguste Doriot and Louis Rigoulot completed a 2,100 km trip in a Daimler-powered Peugeot in 1891.
This article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines. The reason given is: messy layout. (July 2022) |
A car, or an automobile, is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of cars state that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people, not cargo.
| Car | |
|---|---|
 The Toyota Corolla has been in production since 1966 and is recognized as the world's best-selling automobile. Japan currently holds the position of the third-largest automobile manufacturer globally. | |
| Classification | Vehicle |
| Industry | Various |
| Application | Transportation |
| Fuel source | |
| Powered | Yes |
| Self-propelled | Yes |
| Wheels | 3–6, most often 4 |
| Axles | 2, less commonly 3 |
| Inventor | Carl Benz |
| Invented | 1886 |
French inventor Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot built the first steam-powered road vehicle in 1769, while French-born Swiss inventor François Isaac de Rivaz designed and constructed the first internal combustion-powered automobile in 1808. The modern car—a practical, marketable automobile for everyday use—was invented in 1886, when German inventor Carl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Commercial cars became widely available during the 20th century. One of the first cars affordable by the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced horse-drawn carriages. In Europe and other parts of the world, demand for automobiles did not increase until after World War II. The car is considered an essential part of the developed economy.
Cars have controls for driving, parking, passenger comfort, and a variety of lamps. Over the decades, additional features and controls have been added to vehicles, making them progressively more complex. These include rear-reversing cameras, air conditioning, navigation systems, and in-car entertainment. Most cars in use in the early 2020s are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric cars, which were invented early in the history of the car, became commercially available in the 2000s and are predicted to cost less to buy than petrol-driven cars before 2025. The transition from fossil fuel-powered cars to electric cars features prominently in most climate change mitigation scenarios, such as Project Drawdown's 100 actionable solutions for climate change.
There are costs and benefits to car use. The costs to the individual include acquiring the vehicle, interest payments (if the car is financed), repairs and maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance. The costs to society include maintaining roads, land use, road congestion, air pollution, noise pollution, public health, and disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life. Traffic collisions are the largest cause of injury-related deaths worldwide. Personal benefits include on-demand transportation, mobility, independence, and convenience. Societal benefits include economic benefits, such as job and wealth creation from the automotive industry, transportation provision, societal well-being from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from taxes. People's ability to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies. There are around one billion cars in use worldwide. Car usage is increasing rapidly, especially in China, India, and other newly industrialized countries.
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